Isolation and X-ray Structural Characterization of Tetraisopropylpyrene Cation Radical

A practical synthesis of 1,3,6,8-tetraisopropylpyrene and the isolation and X-ray structural characterization of its monomeric cation radical salt are described

PCA based components selection criteria for computationally efficient Physical Layer Key Generation (PLKG) system

Data security is one of the prime concerns in wireless networks. PLKG has been emerging as an attractive alternative to traditional cryptographic techniques. PLKG is more computationally efficient than cryptography. Moreover, PLKG using Principal component analysis (PCA) as pre-processing may further save computations. This paper proposes three mechanisms to select components of PCA which are based on Information content, Mean and Histfit. Bit Disagreement Rate (BDR) is compared for each mechanism. Histfit based method is found to be best. Since only two components are supposed to be processed for key generation, it is computationally efficient/ power efficient too

PCA Based Components Selection Criteria for Computationally Efficient Physical Layer Key Generation (PLKG) System

Data security is one of the prime concerns in wireless networks. PLKG has been emerging as an attractive alternative to traditional cryptographic techniques. PLKG is more computationally efficient than cryptography. Moreover, PLKG using Principal component analysis (PCA) as pre-processing may further save computations. This paper proposes three mechanisms to select components of PCA which are based on Information content, Mean and Histfit. Bit Disagreement Rate (BDR) is compared for each mechanism. Histfit based method is found to be best. Since only two components are supposed to be processed for key generation, it is computationally efficient/ power efficient too

Charge Delocalization in Self-Assembled Mixed-Valence Aromatic Cation Radicals

The spontaneous assembly of aromatic cation radicals (D+•) with their neutral counterpart (D) affords dimer cation radicals (D2+•). The intermolecular dimeric cation radicals are readily characterized by the appearance of an intervalence charge-resonance transition in the NIR region of their electronic spectra and by ESR spectroscopy. The X-ray crystal structure analysis and DFT calculations of a representative dimer cation radical (i.e., the octamethylbiphenylene dimer cation radical) have established that a hole (or single positive charge) is completely delocalized over both aromatic moieties. The energetics and the geometrical considerations for the formation of dimer cation radicals is deliberated with the aid of a series of cyclophane-like bichromophoric donors with drastically varied interplanar angles between the cofacially arranged aryl moieties. X-ray crystallography of a number of mixed-valence cation radicals derived from monochromophoric benzenoid donors established that they generally assemble in 1D stacks in the solid state. However, the use of polychromophoric intervalence cation radicals, where a single charge is effectively delocalized among all of the chromophores, can lead to higher-order assemblies with potential applications in long-range charge transport. As a proof of concept, we show that a single charge in the cation radical of a triptycene derivative is evenly distributed on all three benzenoid rings and this triptycene cation radical forms a 2D electronically coupled assembly, as established by X-ray crystallography

Thio­nordazepam: strong inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen-bonded chains

In the title compound, 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-thione, C15H11ClN2S, the central seven-membered diazepinethione ring adopts a boat conformation. The dihedral angle between the planes of the aromatic rings is 63.7 (1)°. The crystal packing is determined by strong N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, generating a one-dimensional chain along [001]

Resistance to late leaf spot and rust diseases in ICRISAT’s mini core collection of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Late leaf spot (LLS) (Phaeoisariopsis personata) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) are major foliar diseases of peanut causing significant losses worldwide. Identification and infusion of resistance into peanut cultivars is important in the management of these diseases. The present study therefore aimed at screening the peanut mini core collection to identify potential sources of resistance to these diseases. Two separate field experiments were conducted for screening LLS and rust under artificial epiphytotic conditions during rainy seasons of 2012 and 2013 at ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. The trials were laid in a randomized complete block design on beds with three replications. Data on LLS and rust disease severities were collected using 1 to 9 scales at 75, 90 and 105 days after sowing (DAS), and pod yields were recorded at harvest. Results indicate significant variations among accessions for LLS and rust resistance. Mean of 2 years study revealed that 53 accessions were moderately resistant (MR), 86 accessions were susceptible (S) and 45 accessions were highly susceptible (HS) to LLS. For rust disease, 10 accessions were resistant (R), 115 accessions were with ‘MR’ reaction and 59 accessions with susceptible (S) reaction. Six superior accessions in terms of combined disease resistance and yield (ICGs 4389, 6993, 11426, 4746, 6022, 11088) were selected and the disease progress curves, for each, were generated. Highest yields were recorded with ICG 11426 in LLS and rust plots. Overall, our results indicate that these six accessions can be potential sources of LLS and rust resistance

Pigeonpea - A unique jewel in rainfed cropping systems

Pigeonpea is a crop for rainfed environments endowed with several features to thrive harsh climate. It adapts well in sole crop and inter cropped conditions (with cereals, millets, oils seeds and pulses) by enhancing the system productivity and net income to the small and marginal farmers across the globe. The range of maturity duration in the crop allows it to grow in diversified cropping systems and patterns in varied ecoregions of the world. Development of cytoplasmic male sterility based hybrids provided an opportunity for enhancing the yields under marginal environments. With recent interventions in addressing the photo sensitivity and maturity have led to evolving super early varieties with less than 100 days duration, provided a scope for horizontal expansion of the crop in different agro ecological systems

A Pharmaceutical Paradigm for Cardiovascular Composite Risk Assessment Using Novel Radiogenomics Risk Predictors in Precision Explainable Artificial Intelligence Framework: Clinical Trial Tool

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is challenging to diagnose and treat since symptoms appear late during the progression of atherosclerosis. Conventional risk factors alone are not always sufficient to properly categorize at-risk patients, and clinical risk scores are inadequate in predicting cardiac events. Integrating genomic-based biomarkers (GBBM) found in plasma/serum samples with novel non-invasive radiomics-based biomarkers (RBBM) such as plaque area, plaque burden, and maximum plaque height can improve composite CVD risk prediction in the pharmaceutical paradigm. These biomarkers consider several pathways involved in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis disease leading to CVD. Objective: This review proposes two hypotheses: (i) The composite biomarkers are strongly correlated and can be used to detect the severity of CVD/Stroke precisely, and (ii) an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI)-based composite risk CVD/Stroke model with survival analysis using deep learning (DL) can predict in preventive, precision, and personalized (aiP 3 ) framework benefiting the pharmaceutical paradigm. Method: The PRISMA search technique resulted in 214 studies assessing composite biomarkers using radiogenomics for CVD/Stroke. The study presents a XAI model using AtheroEdge TM 4.0 to determine the risk of CVD/Stroke in the pharmaceutical framework using the radiogenomics biomarkers. Conclusions: Our observations suggest that the composite CVD risk biomarkers using radiogenomics provide a new dimension to CVD/Stroke risk assessment. The proposed review suggests a unique, unbiased, and XAI model based on AtheroEdge TM 4.0 that can predict the composite risk of CVD/Stroke using radiogenomics in the pharmaceutical paradigm

Smallholder farmers involvement in seed production of pigeonpea : An assessment in Odisha, India

Smallholder pigeonpea farmers in Odisha always rely on self-saved seeds of preferred landrace with long maturity period of 7 months and exploiting this for a period of 2-4 years or more. These model of seed system continuously resulted in low yield (250-500 kg/ha) due to seed deterioration. Seed production at farmers’ level with the provision of new package of technology such as providing farmers preferred high yielding disease resistant varieties and hybrids, on the ground training on improved crop management technologies, and integrated pest and disease management has contributed in increase in productivity (780 kg/ha), improving livelihood, and income of farmers in the project sites (Rayagada, Kalahandi, and Nauparha). Institutionalizing the seed system model through the ‘one village one variety’ concept has brought about the production of 1610 tons of various certified seeds. The assessment also revealed that higher investment in seed production resulted in higher seed yield and income. Likewise, farmers seed growers with medium land classification showed the best B:C ratio with ` 3.38 per ` 1 invested. Moreover, it can be deduced from the B:C ratio of all land classification that seed production is economically viable for smallholder farmers to venture in improving their livelihoods. However, there are still limitations that need to be addressed to ensure the sustainability of the seed delivery system of the project. The most pressing constraint of pigeonpea production is the damage caused by pests and the lack of farm inputs; trainings/awareness meetings/exposures are required to educate farmers on new pigeonpea technologies; and the need to regulate prices of pigeonpea seeds is a major concern for smallholder farmers to obtain benefit from their pigeonpea cultivation